来到美国将将一年了，有艰辛也有收获。我个人是从国内本科毕业过来读master，今年夏天定了在wall street的一家国际投行做summer intern。今天想随便谈谈自己在最近申请实习的过程中积累的一些经验和教训，跟CUFD的同学们分享一下。希望这些经验能对大家将来有所帮助。 Before ‘everything’ 美国的master项目一般都是下半年开学，所以大家的轨迹一般都是第一个学期基本用来读书和适应国外的陌生环境，第二学期（也就是春季学期）开始找暑期 实习和兼职。按照这样的安排，第一个学期的主要任务有三点：1.打下专业基础；2.练好口语；3.明确自己想做什么。做好第一学期的事情，第二学期就放心 大胆的开始投简历和准备面试吧！ 1.打下专业基础。美国的master教育基本都是就业导向型，因此教授的东西都很实用和贴近业界。如果你有幸能够进入到一个很好的项目，并且学习的很认 真深入的话，可以说你第一个学期所学习的东西，从技术水平上来讲已经足够应付一般的面试了，这就是美国的教育。坚信这一点，不要以为自己还不行、想等等再 开始找实习和工作，这样的话你会错过很多机会！ 2.练好口语！这对咱们很多中国学生是个很大的问题，一是口音，二是表达。其实这两点说白了都是不native。解决方法----多帮助帮助你们班的外国 同学！恩，你没看错，是让你帮助他们，等我慢慢解释。到了国外你会发现，从智商上来讲，中国人这一群生物实在是高级到了可怕的程度。当然，这都是那些老外 同学们衬托的好！很多中国学生拍拍脑袋就想明白的问题，老美怎么想也还是不懂，这其实就是你提高英语的机会。一旦你表现的比较热情开朗，老外就很乐意向你 请教问题、跟你探讨，这会对你的面试很有帮助，而且绝对不同于一般的跟老外练口语的效果！因为在你帮助老外理解专业课程问题的时候，你说的就都是专业术语 和规范表达，无论多么复杂的专业问题你都要用英语说出来还要让对方明白。如果你投的工作是基于你的专业的，那么这些恰恰就是你在面试的时候需要 的，exactly the same！我个人在这一点上受益匪浅，所以我推荐大家这样做。 3.明确自己想做什么。也就是职业方向，比如你想做finance，那可以是sales and trading, IBD, consulting, Quant, IT。方向很多，究竟哪一个适合你？我建议可以跟Professor多聊聊，对于开阔视野和认识自己很有帮助。此外，学校一般都会给你指定一个 advisor，那你可以跟advisor预约时间来谈谈你的职业规划。还可以多去参加一些seminar和公司举办的宣讲会，这会让你对于业界的方方面 面都有所了解，渐渐地也就明确了自己的方向。 How to get an interview 对于正常的申请途径来讲，在给予面试之前，公司能够了解到应聘者的途径就是你的resume和cover letter。所以，这两个东西无疑就承载了你能够拿到面试的所有希望，并且也仅限于此。什么意思？就是讲你的简历是为了帮自己赢得一个面试机会，而不是 帮你拿到一份工作。能否拿到工作要看得到面试以后你的真本事和运气了。 因此，resume和cover letter的任务就是让人看过之后能够给你一个面试机会，所以一定要重点突出，让人读过之后很快就能够记住你的优势和亮点。更重要的是，你的简历和 cover letter上所突出的亮点要恰好跟你所申请的职位和公司相符合！这就要求你的resume一定要根据申请职位的不同而有所侧重；而cover letter更是要根据每个公司跟职位的不同而量身订制。万万不可以只用一份resume和cover letter去申请所有的职位，行不通的。 最后一点，你的resume和cover letter在写好之后至少要找一个native speaker帮你修改。这个原因就不必多说了。 Once you got an interview 下面开始说正题了，就是如何准备面试。美国的面试一般有两轮，第一轮是phone interview或者是on campus；第二轮就是final了，一般是要去公司面试，会有四到六个人对你问问题。 一旦你拿到面试，第一件事就是go through your resume.根据我的经验，大部分情况下，第一轮面试的面试官至少会用四分之一的时间来问你简历。原因很简单，他们是看到你的简历然后决定给你面试，自 然是因为你的简历上有一些让他们感兴趣的经历。所以一定要能够谈论自己简历上的每一段经历，并且要做两手准备：既要能够用一两句话高度概括的讲出来，又要 能够非常详细且有条理的展开说。以前的实习经历相对比较容易准备，但是对于科研经历则需要非常仔细，因为在wall street面试什么高人都能遇见。我有个朋友以前做过一些关于计量经济学的research，对于那段经历也准备的比较好了，一般人都问不倒他，他也就 放心了，结果有一次面试官是个经济学PhD，问题的深度远远超过了他的准备程度，结果悲剧了。因此对于每一段经历都要准备到即使面对这个领域里的专家也能 够对答如流的程度。这其实不难，因为那些都是你做过的事情，只是有些细节和逻辑已经忘记了，那么就要努力地花一番功夫去重温一遍那些过程。 此外，我那个朋友的例子还说明了提前了解面试官背景的重要性。有些公司在面试之前会把面试官的信息给你，那么你就需要在网上查一下这个面试官的背景。根据 他的背景和经历推测他可能会对哪些问题比较关注，这样可以有的放矢的准备。一般你可以通过google，linkedin，还有pipl等网站来查找他的 信息。我比较推荐linkedin。 了解公司背景。无论是大公司还是小公司都可能会问到你这个问题，“why us?”。我曾经天真的以为大公司一般不会问这种问题，就像谁会问一个学生你为什么想上Harvard？这种问题没有意义嘛，因为那是Harvard，所 以我就想去！但事实证明我错了，有一次在面一个十分著名的欧洲大行的时候，面试官问了这个问题，结果猝不及防，只能说因为公司的reputation啊， 企业文化很好什么的，自然悲剧了。总之一句话，这个问题一定要准备。相反，试想一下如果你是面试官，当你抛出这个问题以后，对方能够详细的说出公司近几年 的发展历史、企业变动，甚至销售业绩的时候，你会对这个面试者怎么看？ 这里我推荐两个很不错的网站，Vault和glassdoor，这上面都有很多公司的近期举措和新闻。平常多看看这两个网站，不仅应付这个问题绰绰有余， 也能让你对于金融业界的动态有所掌握。 前面这些只能算是开胃菜，面试的核心问题分两类，Behaviour question 和Technical question(market question)。关于Behaviour question，比如leadership experiences, team work什么的，网上有很多，看都看不完，可以去借鉴一下那些表述方式，但是要加上自己的亲身经历来讲才更有说服力。 我主要想讲一讲如何准备Tech question。Behaviour基本上什么职位都会问，问的题目也不会有太大差异。不过Behaviour之外的部分，不同的职位会有不同的问题侧 重。我就根据自己有限的经验说说吧。 Sales：相对没有那么technical，但是会问你很多market question，比如一些重要商品的价格走势，主要货币的汇率，你的预期，还看你是不是有在follow最近的新闻，以及几大股指当天大概在什么位置等 等。这些只要每天看看wall street journal、bloomberg，面试之前再查查yahoo finance的主要数据就可以了。 Trading：会有一些technical的问题，比如一些概率的问题，给你一个实际问题，让你求出概率或者是找出概率最大化的做法。此外 trading firm的人还喜欢问算数题，问题不难，像100*1000是多少、10000/3是多少，考的主要是在压力之下快速反应的能力。除了这 些，trading也会问一些market question以及让你推荐一只股票等等。 Quant：这个无疑是最technical的，问题涉及方方面面，比如monte carlo simulation， stochastic calculus，option greeks等等，market question也会问到。面Quant数学要好，基础知识要扎实，此外还要能够灵活运用所学的知识。比如欧式期权的delta很多人都学过，但是面试官 会给你一个奇异期权然后问你这个期权的delta怎么变化。除了数理基础强以外，同时还要对市场有sense。竞争这种职位的人一般都是学 mathematical finance、financial engineering或者是PhD。 凡是需要准备technical question的情况，我比较推荐一本书’Heard on The Street’里面有很多wall street的经典面试题目，把这本书啃下来，一般的technical question就都能应付了。 After interview Thank you letter！在美国的文化里Thank You Letter非常受重视。所谓Thank You Letter，就是在面试之后给面试官发一封邮件以示感谢，感谢他给你这次面试机会。也可以补救一些面试过程中回答的不完美的问题，不过这种做法有人赞同 有人反对，反对的人主要觉得这算做一种cheating，面试官不一定喜欢，而且也表示你对面试官的时间不尊重。我都试过，结果是这么做的效果并不好。 如果面试之后你没有send一封Thank You Letter的话，面试者会觉得你非常没有诚意，有些公司可能会因此而拒绝你。但是其实大部分情况之下他们也不会仔细看你的邮件，只是形式上的一种要求。 不过你要做好他们会仔细看的准备，以我的经验，最好在邮件中稍带提及一些在面试中你们谈及过的给双方都留下了深刻印象的话题，或者是感谢面试官在面试过程 中教你的某件事情或是建议。 说了这么多，大概就是这些吧，现在一写中文就是拖拖拉拉一大篇，真有耐心把这篇长文读完的人，希望这些所谓经验能够对你有所帮助。相信我们CUFD的同学 将来一定都会大有前途！ 光明顶 帖子: 29 注册: 周一 10月 18, 2010 8:12 am
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